Improvement in apparatus for cooling- and refrigerating



Patented July 19, 1870.

P. `H. VANDER WEYDB. APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND REFRIGERATING.

Noploog.

P., n; vANDEn. Werne, or Nnw'YonK, N. Y.

Letters .Patent No. '105,609,1lated July 19, 1870.

IMPROVEMNT IN .APPARATUS FOR COOLING- AND-REFRIGERATING.

The schenle referred to in these Letters Patent and'makng part of the same..

,To all whom it. may concer-n y Beit known that I, P; H. VANDER WEYDE, M. D. of the vcity of New Y oik,in the county of New York, in the State'ot' New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cooling andRefrigerating; and I do hereby declare thatthefollowing is a full and exact description thereo'reference being had to the accompanying drawing making a part of this specification.

The nature o t' myvinvention consists in cooling thevair after the same manner as it is heated in the s'ystem known as steainfh'eating. It is in fact the in.- verse of steam-heating.`

In thelatter operation the vapors are generated in the boiler, absorb the heatsupplied by the fire, make it latent 4 in their passage carry. it along to the tubes or metallic boxes, and in condensing deliver this heat, while changing 'to the liquid state, in which condition itis returned back to the boiler, torepeat the same operation..

In my apparatus', the volatile liquid is contained in the `vessels which are to 'radiatethe cold. A vacuum, generated in them by means of van air-pump, compels the liquid to evaporate rapidly, while the Vair-pump carries the vapor oi as quickly as it is formed. This vapor absorbs the heat just from the remaining liquid,

Vmakes this heat latent, and brings-it to the' vessel where the vapor is condensed by plessure and reliqueied, when the latent heat Awill be setl free, 'and is lis-- vacuunu and removes the vapor, condensing it by pressure in the coil O, collecting in reservoir 1), and from here reconducting it in the liquid state into the boxA'A, to be again evaporated, while in this way a constant circulation is kept up.

The tube `E connects with thc bottom of the reservoir D, and brings the liquid, after cooling it in' thc exit-tube B, back into A A, while the tube F is connected with the top of the reservoir D, and brings the gas or air (which is collected'over the'liquid and un-A der pressure in D) into the bottom'of the 4box A A, and, therc'eseaping through small holes, stirs up or agitates the volatile liquid in A A, and thus assists the evaporation by theinjeetion of airor vapor bubbles. l i I also produce this agitation in another manner by J means of a mechanical oontrivance, consisting of a ro 1 Vtatiug axis, provided with small paddles or blades entirely or partially submerged in the evaporating liquid. In` Figure 2 a similar.arrangement -is represented, with this dil'erence only, that the liquid is contained in an upright tubular vessel, A A, similar to a tubular steam`boiler, and described in my patent for freezing and rediger-ating. dated February 16, 1869, No. 67,084.

The vacuum is maintained by the tube B being connected with the air-pump, and the 4recrmdensed gas returned by the tubes E and F.v

The tubes in A A being open above and below, the air cooled inthem will descend, also the air surrounding the vessel, and thueekeep upa circulation of'coldf air in the chamberlil' H, until the temperature of theI` whole is reduced to such a degree that there is equilibf rlum.4

In Figure 3 a system oi tubes is represented, iu each of which the liquid to be evaporated `is in the bott-om ot1 the same. They may be mutually con? nected or not.

The vapor is removed by the tube B, while the supply is. provided by the Vtube E andthe downward jets, represented more in detailin fig. 8.

Figure 4 represents a modification of the same principle. The vertical tubes A A are connected at top and bottom. The vapor is drawn off by the horizontal `upper tube B, and after being recondensed by pump and in coil, suppliedin the liquid condition by the lower tube F. Figure 5 represents 'an automatic arrangement, to keep the temperature at the same height ot' 32C or 360 Fahrenheit, 01 an height desired, as, for. some purposes, a temperature below the frcezingpoint is by no means desirable.

To accomplish this, two platinum wires are melted in the glass ot alarge mercurial thermometer, T, one in its lower portion, so as to be always in contact with the mercury, and one at that middle part ot' tne tube as corresponds with 32 or 36.0,..cr any other pointof the scale below which we do not desirethetemperature to descend.

The ends of these wires are connected with the. coil of an electro-maguet, E, and a small galvanic battery, B, which will keep the-'magnet E charged, as long 'as the circuit remains eloseddxy the mercury ot' thel ther meme-ter touching bothj platinum wires, reaching through the glass, which will be the case as long as the temperature is aboveSZQ or 360.

of proper leverage,l attached to the pmver, `driving the airpu1np in such away that when the keeper drops down, the power is detached from the pump by throw ing oli' the belt or gearing, shutting oli' the steam, or ixrany other manner.

The keeper K of the electro-magnet. is, by means y It is thus clear that as soon as the temperature has descended to the desired point, 32 or 360, the break of metallic contact in the thermometer will interrupt the current, cause keeper to drop, and stop the pump, while arise of temperature above the desired point will re-establish the-contact, attract the keeper, reconnect the powerwith the air-pump, and the refrigeration will recommence.

Figure 6 is an arrangement to cool water or other liquids on ka small scale, by hand-power.A

H H is.the cooling-vessel, containing tubes or a hollow box, K, with the volatile substance inside, and surrounded by the liquid to be cooled.

The vapor is drawn by the air-pump P, through the tube B, condensed and liqueed in the coil in C, which is immersed in cooling water to dispose of the excess of heat, which here, as in every other instance mentioned above, will reach from 150O to 2000 Fahrenheit, and canse a corresponding pressure and resistance to the pumps, which is greatly reduced by the watervaround tubes and pump-cylinder. For this reason this water is kept flowing in a similar way, as with it the worms in a distillery are kept cool.

The liquefied gas ret-urns by another tube, E, to the cooling-vessel, the whole arrangement serving thus to take the heat from the vessel H H and transfer it to the vessel C.

This arrangement may also be modified, so as to place the cooling-tubes or box in any vessel, a pail of milk, for instance, by suspending the cooling arrangeroam ment worked by the air-pump, and raise thc milk-pail on a support till it reaches the reii'igerating tubes or box A, and this plunges in the -mlk or liquid to be cooled.

Figure 7 represents the valve arrangement of pump, described without the figures inmy patent ot' February 16, 1869, No. 87,084, and which arrangement l have found advantageous for my purposes.

ent is- 1. Radiation of cold by the special refrigerating tubes or tanks described, the exhaust B, and supplypipesE or F.

2. gitating the volatile evaporating liquid, by means of mechanical arrangements, as described, or their equivalent, by the introduction at the vbottom of the liquid, either the liquid itself or its vapor, gas or air, single or combined.

3. The portable mechanical water and milk-cooler, described.

l 4. lhe mailner of regulating the temperature, described, by vmeans of thermometer, battery, and electro-magnet, in connection with freezing and refrigerating-machines.

In witness whereof I have signed my name in presence of two witnesses.

l). H. VANDER WEYDE, M. D.

Witnesses:

J. W. LAssEnnn, AnoLPH OTT.

lVhat I claim, and wish to secure by Letters Pat- 

